requestId:6851864a4cf631.78487695.
The reflection on “The Ram” and Chinese traditional politics – the discussion on “Miscellaneous” in “Year” is the middle
Author: Zeng Yi
Source: The author authorized the Confucian network, original article “Philosophy and Inclusive Contract Civilization Volume 49, Issue 11 (General Issue 582), 2022
Abstract: Since Gongyang Zhi was established as an official, it has always had its main influence on China’s traditional political management theory and reality. Among them, the differences in the Yang family’s disagreement on the meaning of the minor meanings provided a very unique perspective for the ancients to understand Confucian political thinking. The Confucian scholars of China have divided the subtle words from the major meaning, but their specific meanings seem to be indefinitely stated. Until the Qing Dynasty, with the revival of “Gongyang” learning, Liu Fengyu used the division of microscopic words and major meaning to judge the three advantages and disadvantages of “Year” and began to give the two clear connotations. Moreover, this division led to the awakening of the modern mind of the Qing Dynasty and promoted the walls and conflicts between the late Qing Dynasty and the modern times. Zhikang Youwei regarded the “Confucius Reform” as the “first subtle statement” of “Year” and became its theoretical basis for establishing new changes, which has had a grand impact on the transformation of traditional politics and the transformation of modern China.
Keywords: ram; micro-words; large-scale 博取; Confucianism has always been a saying of “micro-words”, but later scholars have often disagree with this. This statement comes from the “Gongyang Biography” in the first year of Ding:
Ding and Ai are very meticulous, and the master reads and asks about his revelation, but he is guilty of not knowing the conscience. [He Xiu and Xu Yu, “Annotation of the Ancient Yang” Volume 25, Beijing: Beijing Major Study Club, 2000, pages 625-626. ]
The “micro-word” herecultivation software is what the Gongyang family calls “micro-word”. He Xiu’s notes say: “This is Confucius’ fear of a wise king. He respects the superiors for respecting and benevolence, and he protects himself from harm. He Xiu, Xu Yu, “Commentary on the Ancient Yangshu” Volume 25, page 627. ]Because Confucius’ important activities were held during the time of Lu Ding Gong and Ai Gong, his “Year” records that the things he wrote were naturally very subtle, which was actually in the truth. The reason why Confucius was a slutist was that he said that he was not here was important for two considerations: First, he respected and respected kindness. Second, avoid harm and be indifferent.
According to Xu Qianshu’s explanation, what he called “avoiding one’s consent”, because Ji Sun’s family chased the king and established the king, it was a big deal. If Confucius did not do it官网口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文口文</a However, Confucius must have some implicit criticism but cannot defeat himself, so he has to express his intentions and write them in detail. This kind of connotation means "talking" in "Theory". In this regard, Dai Kan said in "The Notes of the Word": "In the world I have seen, you have been evil and dare not be straightforward, but entrusted me to tell me about the misunderstanding to see the harm." [Guo Xiaodong, "Dai's Notes on the Notes of the Word", Shanghai: Huadong Teacher Fan Daxue Bookstore, 2014, page 58. ]In terms of this, Confucius was born in a world of no way. He had to avoid "small relic" out of the consideration of avoiding one's presence. This meaning is probably the original meaning of "small words" as the Gongyang family. This connotation is not exclusive to Chinese thinking, and other ethnic groups also have similar statements, such as the principle of "Takia" in Islam, which contains this meaning. [The so-called "Takia" is seen in the relevant chapter of "Kulan". The original meaning is to fear and cover up, and to allow believers to conceal their religious worship when facing political harm, and to give up certain religious customs or gifts. All Islamic sects pursue the "Takia" principle at a different level, especially the Ye sect, because they have been under pressure and harmed by the rulers for a long time, and have developed it as a very important principle. In this regard, Khomeini said: "In a specific situation, if they (referring to Imamu) do not adopt the Takiya method, the violent rulers will eliminate the true true religion." (Khomeini, "The Practice of the Pathology", Beijing: Line Book Bureau, 2010, page 73) It can be seen that the principle of "Takia" mentioned by the Shiye School is exactly the same as the "micro-word" original meaning of the Gongyang family, that is, it is out of the need to avoid being indifferent. However, Khomeini also believed that "ordinary people can borrow Takiya, but the jurists cannot be defeated. … When the important principles of Islam and his good deeds are harmed, they cannot be able to persevere and complain about Takiya. … If a jurist participates in the pressure, this pressure will lead to a step-by-step defeat in Islam. Even if he is cut off, he will not be able to participate and serve him." (Komeni, "The Pathology Masters Governance", page 168) Since 1960, Komeni began to ask Pathology Masters to bear more reflexive leadership responsibilities, so when facing the specialized agency, it is impossible to apply the "Takia" principle.
In this sense, besides the word “microsense”, Confucianism also has other similar words, such as in “Theory” “The Tao cannot be, and floats on the sea” (Zhu Xi, “Collected Notes on the Four Chapters and Sentences”, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Bureau, Baobao.com2016, page 77), “The dangerous country does not advance, and the unfamiliar country will not live. There is a Taoist view in the whole country, but there is no Taoist view” (Zhu Xi, “The Four Chapters and Sentences Collection”, page 106), “The country has no Taoist view, but the dangerous word is the secret” (Zhu Xi, “The Four Chapters and Sentences Collection”, page 150), etc. In Mencius, there is “Those who know their destiny do not stand under the silence. … Those who die with shackles are not the right life” (Zhu Xi) (Zhu Xi), “Collected Notes on the Four Chapters and Sentences”, page 357) and other statements, it can be seen that when Confucianism faces the unrighteous situation, it also adopts a different approach or avoids ignorance. This attitude is actually no different from “Takia”. However, some sects seem to have a wider use of “Takia”, and even include believing in other sects and following other sects’ teachings. It can be seen that no matter ancient and modern, both in China and abroad, when students face the power of power, they are either obsessed with self-deprecation or small-scale avoidance of the world, all of which are due to the necessity, so why should they be deeply responsible! ]
As for “respecting the honor and kindness”, although Lu’s Duke Zhao and Duke Ding were not gifts, they were the kings, and Dong Zhongshu’s “Year and Birthday De” said, “The twelve Dukes of Lu are the most respected, and they are the most respected,” so Confucius was “respecting the honorifics.” [Su, “Certificate of the Identity of the Age of Prosperity and Dew”, Beijing: China Book Bureau, 1992, page 272. ] It can be seen that “Year” is a great source of evil, but it is especially jealous of contempt and sorrow. This is “noble and honor”; and “honor” is the first year of the year “who is particularly grateful to the ministers of my father in the world I have seen”, [He Xiu, Xu Guo, “Year and Yang Gong” Volume 1, page 31. ] Also said that “the establishment of love begins with the beginning, so “Year” is a memorial record”, [He Xiu, Xu Yu, “Year Yang Commentary Commentary” Volume 1, page 32. ] He carried out important activities in the times of concentration and sorrow. Because of the court’s grace, he was controversial, and regarded the meaning of “governors and those who are polite” in “Gongyang Festival”.
After Han, the dynasty of the dynasty followed Confucianism, and the politics was mostly broad-minded. There were few people who were punished for thinking. Therefore, for more than two thousand years, although there were many people who treated “Years”, there were also few who sang the original meaning of “Minor Words”. During this period, Confucian scholars were in power regardless of the rule of law, and at that time they often chose to cooperate with their attitudes. As for the ruthless kings, they often used the sword to show off their strength and acted directly as a grand festival.
Later, when I came to the Qing Dynasty, I compared the “small words” and “big
發佈留言