【張晚林】極一包養網心得具經驗性情，沒有超出的宗教精力——為什么荀子沒有配祀文廟？

Keywords: Xunzi, Tian, ​​scholar, experience

1. From Xunzi to the point of view of the sacred literary works

Xunzi was a Confucian scholar of a generation. In the eyes of ordinary people, there are always Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi, which shows the teachings and contributions of Xun’s Female College Students’ Care Club‘s Confucianism. Like Mencius, Xunzi also based his aspirations on the anti-evil and the Fa-Jinni.

What will happen to a benevolent person now? The above is the system of Shun and Yu, and the below is the meaning of Zhongni and Zigong, to restore the twelve sons. (Xunzi·The Twelve Sons of the World)

Since Han, learners believe that the most powerless and successful way of inventing Confucius is no better than Mencius and Xunzi. Therefore, Sima said: “In the aspects of power and Xuan, Mencius and Xunqing all followed the Master’s career and praised it to the present world.” (“Historical Records·Scholars”) Xu Gan’s “Zhongshu” preface to the Hanwei dynasty Xu Gan said: “I would like Xunqingzi and Mengfu to be the talents of the sages, to establish the family’s laws, to understand the careers of the sages.”

Since this, Mencius and Xunzi should enjoy equal treatment, but the facts are exactly the opposite. We understand that Mencius was respected as the “Sage of the Sage” and served as the “Four Pairs” along with Yan Jing, Zeng Zi and Zisi. This is the highest level of the worshipper. But Xunzi did not have any honor, nor did he have any qualifications from the sacrificial palace, nor did he have any qualifications from the sacrificial palace. It should be understood that from the worship of the literary temple, it is the highest praise and determination for Confucians. Hu Juren, a Ming Dynasty man, came from the Wentan Temple to worship the civil servants during his ten years, and the time was a “very good encounter” [①] (Wang Shiyan: Volume 8 of “The Collection of Yanshantangs” “The Condor Heroes from Confucius”). However, Xunzi, a Confucian scholar, did not have such treatment. Why is this?

Originally, Xunzi once celebrated the imperial examinations during the Northern Song Dynasty, but the opposition from later Confucians was not absolute.Song Lian in the early Ming Dynasty first proposed disagreements. In his article “Confucius’ Court of Sacrifices” he said:

In the Yuan Dynasty, he worshipped the ancestor Confucius, and 72 other qualities, including Yanzi, and only the ancestors and guru. Now it is also indiscriminate and misunderstood. Even Xun Yu’s words are evil, Wang Mang, Wang Bi’s clan elder, Ja Kui’s sudden and detailed actions, Du Ai’s construction is short, and Ma Rong’s party affiliated masters are also here. I don’t know why it is said? (Volume 28 of “Wenxian Collection”)

In the Hongzhi period, Zhang Jiugong submitted the “Guanming Jiao Shu”, which strongly advocated that Xunzi, Ma Rong, Wang Bi, and Yang Xiong were not worshipped by Wentan. He denounced Xunzi and said:

If Xun Yu, the Bo of Lanling, said that it was close to Huang Lao, and his art was actually miserable to Shen and Korea. If you keep your body in a yellow position, you will not be ashamed of being disobedient. After learning Li Si, he burned the foundation pit. Those who regard nature as evil, gift as evil, Shun as magic, and Zisi and Mengfu as troubles the whole country. Therefore, Cheng Zi was very biased, and Zhu Zi wrote a letter to Lanling, so he was appointed as Chu to despise him. (Volume 11 of “Qingzi Manga Drafts”)

“Use Shun as the symbol of “Shishun as the symbol of the plot”, referring to the negative words of “Shishun as the deception of the “Shishun”; “Those who treat Zisi and Mengfu as the strife of the whole country” referring to the “Not Twelve Sons” that Zisi and Mencius “are remote and unspecified, secluded and unspeakable, closed but unresolved.” In short, the success of Xunzi, which Zhang Jiugong has lived, can be found in the book “Xunzi”. So, he suggested to enforce Xunzi’s sacrificial power. In the same article, he said:

The numbers of

have learned the great books and the great things in their bodies; they have tarnished the famous teachings and blamed the holy gate. In the past, Yangshi, the Yangshi suggested that Wang Anshi would not allow him to enjoy Confucius’s sacrificial power. Nowadays, some of the Confucian ministers want to demote the hero. If this is the case, should these numbers be listed as sacrifices?

In the end, Xunzi’s card was removed from the Wentani during the Jiajing period, and the sacrifice was sacrificial. A generation of Confucian scholars finally separated from the sacred temple of Confucian scholars forever, while many Confucian scholars whose reputation and achievements were not as good as Xunzi could be able to worship the literary temple and beg forever. Why?

The Taoist saying of Korean healing may reveal the news. Korea has become more and more authored by the original Taoism, and the first to create the “Taoism”. But surprisingly, Korean Yu did not enter the Daoist flow sequence like the previous Qian Sima and others.

The reason why Xi is passed down by Shun, the reason why Shun is passed down by Yu, Yu is passed down by Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou Gong, Confucius passed down by Wen, Wu, and Zhou Gong, and Meng Fu, Confucius passed down by Confucius. The death of Shi cannot be passed down.

The reason why Xunzi did not have the qualifications to predict the relationship depends on Korean Yu’s understanding because Xunzi “was not proficient but not proficient, and his words are not detailed.” Korean Yu said in the article “Reading Xun”:

If you consider the meaning of the word, if you are not pure at the same time, you will be different from Confucius. Is the watch between the car and the hero? …Meng’s mellow is mellow, Xun and Yang are mellow but small flaws.

Korean Yu admitted in the article, “ShiwuAfter reading Meng’s books, you will know that Confucius’s Tao is respectful and that the sage’s Tao is easy to practice.” However, when reading Xunzi’s books, I did not have this feeling, and even wanted to learn Confucius’ “Pen” and “Books”, “Those who cut off the differences between Xun’s family were attached to the sages.” In the Song Dynasty, Confucians believed that Taoism was a wise scholar who spread it far away from Mencius and was not as good as Xunzi. Huang Shen, a younger brother of Zhu Men, said:

The righteousness of Taoism, treat others Then it was passed down. Since the Zhou Dynasty, those who were responsible for the teaching of Taoism have only been many people; but those who could make the Taoism more clear were stopped by one or two people. After Confucius, Zengzi and Zisi continued to be miserable, and began to be written by Mencius; after Mencius, Zhou, Cheng, and Zhangzi continued to be destroyed, and started to be written by Xi. (History of Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi)

Wenwu is a sacred religiou